<div><FONT face=verdana size=2>Well, the author refutes well the "efficiency" argument. That old argument is made from the vantage point of the megaconglomerates - where centralisation IS more "efficient" -- for THEM. But not necessarily for the rest of us, nor from an overall pollution-emmitted perspective.</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=verdana size=2></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face=verdana size=2>Adding to Anthony Flaccavento's argument below, the "<EM>Year of Global Food Crisis</EM>" very first statement by Kate Smith and Rob Edwards is, "<EM><FONT face=arial>A perfect storm of (a combo of things, including) the <STRONG><U>world population explosion</U></STRONG> is plunging humanity into the biggest crisis of the 21st century by pushing up food prices and spreading hunger and poverty</FONT></EM>..."</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>Well, we touched upon the human
population explosion on this list. And there just is no getting around it. It affects everything.</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>So we keep coming back to the Original Question: What would <EM><U><FONT color=#ff0000>motivate</FONT></U></EM> people to produce fewer humans?</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>I would love to read a poll/summary of various answers, from people who were, indeed, so motivated. That is, they planned on having X number of kids, but after whatever motivated them, ended up instead, having 0 kids. Or heck, I'd even settle for X minus a number of kids.</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>I would also love to read a poll/summary of various answers from people for whom this question may be
theoretical: Had whatever the right kind of motivation been the case in their life, they would have produced 0 or fewer kids.</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2></FONT> </div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>And then, good old fashioned statistics: on child production (different from fertility, how many kids one currently has, etc.) compared to current:</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>annual income</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>net worth</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>anticipated retirement income from all sources</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>education level</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>age</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>geography</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>gender</FONT></div> <div><FONT face=Verdana size=2>race</FONT></div> <div><BR><BR><B><I>Ron and Kris Graham <graham2639@mindspring.com></I></B> wrote:</div> <BLOCKQUOTE
class=replbq style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid"> <META content="Microsoft Word 11 (filtered medium)" name=Generator> <STYLE> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </STYLE> <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:SmartTagType name="State" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:SmartTagType><o:SmartTagType name="City" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:SmartTagType><o:SmartTagType name="place" namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"></o:SmartTagType> <STYLE> st1\:*{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) } </STYLE> <STYLE> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; panose-1:3 15 7 2 3 3 2 2 2 4;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline;} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.EmailStyle17 {mso-style-type:personal-compose; font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; color:black; font-weight:bold; font-style:normal; text-decoration:none none;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </STYLE> <DIV class=Section1> <div class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'">The article below touts the benefits of shopping at your local farmer’s market and the savings in terms of gasoline
and global warming emissions as compared to buying your groceries at a “big box” store with food that has been trucked in or flown in thousands of miles. We need to seriously start a discussion on the dire situation regarding our food supply. Please offer comments on the article. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></div> <div class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></div> <div class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'">Kris<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></div> <div class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/07/AR2008030702520.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/07/AR2008030702520.html</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/?nav=pf"><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG id=_x0000_i1025 height=30 alt=washingtonpost.com src="cid:3937937493000000@web59208.mail.re1.yahoo.com" width=190 vspace=2 border=0></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=5><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 18pt">Eat Locally, Ease Climate Change Globally</SPAN></FONT></B><o:p></o:p></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt">Sunday, March 9, 2008; B08</SPAN></FONT><o:p></o:p></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">My farm is in the foothills of the <A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Appalachian+Mountains?tid=informline">Appalachian Mountains</A> in southwestern <A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Virginia?tid=informline">Virginia</A>. Like many others who have recently made the transition from tobacco to organic farming, we sell our produce through local and regional channels, including the farmers market in the nearby town of <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Abingdon</st1:place></st1:City>, population 8,000.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Of late, a number of commentators have disparaged local food economies, based on two claims: First, that shipping food long distances in fully loaded tractor-trailers is more efficient than local transactions; and, second,
that consumers travel much further to buy local foods, creating more, not less carbon emissions. They're wrong.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">A full tractor-trailer hauls about 32,000 pounds of produce. On average, according to the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture at <A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Iowa+State+University?tid=informline">Iowa State University</A>, this food travels about 1,750 miles from farm to market, in trucks that get about 5.5 miles per gallon. That's 320 gallons of fuel to transport 32,000 pounds, or about a gallon of fuel for every 100 pounds of food.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">My farm is an eight-mile round trip from the Abingdon farmers market. Our '94 <A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Toyota+Motor+Corporation?tid=informline">Toyota</A> pickup
gets 15 miles to the gallon, fully loaded, so my trip to and from the market uses just over a half gallon of gas. We take and sell an average of 1,600 pounds of fresh produce every Saturday morning. This works out to 3,200 pounds of food for every gallon of fuel expended. That's 32 times more efficient.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Of course, not every farmer lives four miles from his or her market. But our local experience, along with studies carried out in <A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Austin+%28Texas%29?tid=informline">Austin</A> and <A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Toronto?tid=informline">Toronto</A>, indicate that most farmers stay within a 50-mile radius. Assuming they carry about 1,000 pounds -- a third less than we do -- the average local food transaction delivers 500 pounds of food per gallon of fuel, five times more efficient than
conventional transport.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">So the argument that shipping food in tractor-trailers is more efficient than local food transactions doesn't hold up. But are consumers traveling so much farther to get to farmers markets that their additional fuel use offsets any efficiency gains? Though the data are a bit sketchy, two points stand out. First, in spite of the dramatic growth of <A href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/related/topic/Wal-Mart+Stores+Inc.?tid=informline">Wal-Mart</A> and other "one-stop shopping" outlets, our shopping miles are steadily increasing. As author Stacy Mitchell has pointed out, we Americans increased our travel -- just for shopping -- by over 90 billion miles from 1990 to 2001. That's billion with a "B." It's safe to say that most of those new miles were not spent seeking out local food.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Second, several studies indicate that consumers are not willing to travel more than six to eight miles or 15 to 20 minutes by car to shop at a local market, perhaps slightly more than what people will travel to reach the big-box store. And with farmers markets proliferating across the country, from 1,750 in 1995 to nearly 4,500 now, they're getting closer to consumers and farmers every year.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">One last thing: So far as I know, no food ever arrives at a farmers market by airplane. Yet air freight, which generates 10 to 30 times as much carbon per mile as trucking, is becoming a major part of the global food system.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">When my wife and I get up at 5 on Saturday morning to start packing our truck, a cup of strong coffee and a glass of orange
juice make it a little easier. So we're not dogmatic about local foods. But we also know, first hand, that locally produced foods are increasingly abundant, convenient and rewarding. The critics notwithstanding, buying local food is a sensible way to eat well, save fuel and reduce your carbon footprint.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></div> <div><I><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-STYLE: italic">-- Anthony Flaccavento</SPAN></FONT></I><o:p></o:p></div> <div><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on"><I><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-STYLE: italic">Abingdon</SPAN></FONT></I></st1:City><I><SPAN style="FONT-STYLE: italic">, <st1:State w:st="on">Va.</st1:State></SPAN></I></st1:place><o:p></o:p></div> <div><I><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-STYLE: italic">The writer is a food and society policy fellow and director of Appalachian Sustainable
Development.</SPAN></FONT></I><o:p></o:p></div> <div class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></div></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE><p>
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