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<DIV>just thought I'd share this from my AI list;</DIV>
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<DIV><BR></DIV>URGENT ACTION APPEAL<BR>- From Amnesty International
USA<BR><BR>To read the current Urgent Action newsletter, go to <BR><A
title=http://www.amnestyusa.org/urgent/newslett.html
href="http://www.amnestyusa.org/urgent/newslett.html">http://www.amnestyu<WBR>sa.org/urgent/<WBR>newslett.<WBR>html</A>
<BR>------------<WBR>---------<WBR>---------<WBR>----<BR>For a print-friendly
version of this Urgent Action (PDF):<BR><A
title=http://www.amnestyusa.org/actioncenter/actions/uaa26609.pdf
href="http://www.amnestyusa.org/actioncenter/actions/uaa26609.pdf">http://www.amnestyu<WBR>sa.org/actioncen<WBR>ter/actions/<WBR>uaa26609.<WBR>pdf</A>
<BR><BR>Take action online at:<BR><A
title=http://takeaction.amnestyusa.org/siteapps/advocacy/index.aspx?c=jhKPIXPCIoE&b=2590179&template=x.ascx&action=13213
href="http://takeaction.amnestyusa.org/siteapps/advocacy/index.aspx?c=jhKPIXPCIoE&b=2590179&template=x.ascx&action=13213">http://takeaction.<WBR>amnestyusa.<WBR>org/siteapps/<WBR>advocacy/<WBR>index.aspx?<WBR>c=jhKPIXPCIoE&b=2590179&template=x.ascx&action=13213</A>
<BR><BR>6 October 2009<BR><BR>UA 266/09 Imminent Execution<BR><BR>USA (Texas)
Khristian Oliver (m), aged 32<BR><BR>Khristian Oliver, a 32-year old man, is
due to be executed in Texas on 5 November. He was sentenced to death in 1999
for a murder committed during a burglary. While deciding whether he should
live or die, jurors at his trial consulted copies of the Bible, including text
supporting the death penalty, calling into serious question their
impartiality. <BR><BR>On 17 March 1998, 64-year-old Joe Collins returned to
his home in Nacogdoches County in rural eastern Texas to find a burglary in
progress. As the two burglars in the house tried to escape (two others had
stayed in their car), he shot one of them, a 15-year-old boy, in the leg. The
other burglar, 20-year-old Khristian Oliver, shot Joe Collins before striking
him on the head with a rifle butt, according to accomplice testimony at
Oliver's April 1999 trial.<BR><BR>After the trial, evidence emerged that
jurors had consulted the Bible during their sentencing deliberations. At a
hearing in the trial court in June 1999, the defense lawyer called four of the
jurors to the witness stand, although the judge precluded any testimony about
the effect of the use of the Bible on the jury. The jurors recalled there
having been several Bibles present, that highlighted passages had been passed
around, that a juror had read aloud from the Bible to a group of fellow
jurors, and that the text included the passage, “And if he smite him with an
instrument of iron, so that he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall
surely be put to death”. The judge ruled that the jury had not acted
improperly and this was upheld by the Texas Court of Criminal
Appeals.<BR><BR>In 2002, a Danish journalist interviewed a fifth juror. The
latter said that "about 80 per cent" of the jurors had "brought scripture into
the deliberation"<WBR>, and that the jurors had consulted the Bible "long
before we ever reached a verdict". He told the journalist that he believed
"the Bible is truth from page 1 to the last page", and that if civil law and
biblical law were in conflict, the latter should prevail. He said that if he
had been told he could not consult the Bible, "I would have left the
courtroom". He described himself as a death penalty supporter and life
imprisonment as a "burden" on the taxpayer. <BR><BR>In 2008, the US Court of
Appeals for the Fifth Circuit found that the jurors had "crossed an important
line" by consulting specific passages in the Bible that described the very
facts at issue in the case. This amounted to an "external influence" on the
jury prohibited under the US Constitution, and was a more "egregious" case
than had occurred in other Circuits, according to the Fifth Circuit. However,
it concluded that under the "highly deferential standard" by which federal
courts should review state court decisions, Oliver had failed to prove that he
had been prejudiced by this unconstitutional juror conduct. In April 2009, the
US Supreme Court refused to take the case.<BR><BR><STRONG>BACKGROUND
INFORMATION</STRONG><BR>Under international and US law, a criminal defendant
has the right to be tried before an impartial court. The principle of
impartiality demands that each of the decision-makers, whether judge or juror,
be unbiased. Actual impartiality and the appearance of impartiality are both
fundamental for maintaining respect for the administration of justice.
<BR><BR>This is not the only time that US federal courts have considered a
case in which jurors consulted the Bible during deliberations. The decisions
emanating from these cases in the various federal circuits have been
inconsistent, including on how to evaluate potential prejudice to the
defendant. In a brief in 2009, 46 former federal and state prosecutors urged
the US Supreme Court to take the Oliver case to resolve such issues. The brief
argued: "A jury that consults the Bible during sentencing deliberations is
exposed to an outside influence in violation of the Sixth Amendment's
guarantee of a fair trial by an impartial jury… Even under ordinary
circumstances, deprivation of a constitutional right is of the utmost concern.
Such concern is all greater here, where the constitutional violation occurs in
the context of jurors' decision to impose the ultimate punishment". Guidance
of the Supreme Court was urgently needed, the former prosecutors argued, not
least because the "lack of consensus among the US Courts of Appeals regarding
juror consultation of the Bible in the capital context not only generates
inconsistent outcomes, but creates the appearance of arbitrariness in an area
that demands consistency and fairness". The Supreme Court declined to take the
case.<BR><BR>An issue on appeal has also been the state's use of testimony
from two accomplices in the burglary – the 15-year-old who was shot in the leg
and his 16-year-old brother who had waited outside – who were promised 10- and
five-year prison sentences respectively in return for their testimony. In
2002, the brothers signed affidavits stating that they had been coached by the
prosecutor in how to make their testimony match each other's. Khristian
Oliver's trial lawyer then also signed an affidavit in which he stated that at
the time of the trial he had been "unaware of the prosecutor's role in
promoting the presentation of consistent stories" by the brothers. If he had
been, he said, he would have sought a mistrial, and at least to have brought
the matter to the attention of the jury to raise questions about the
reliability of testimony upon which the state was seeking to rely.<BR><BR>Race
has been another issue, a sensitive topic in rural east Texas (see, for
example, USA: Death in black and white, 9 August 2001,
http://www.amnesty.<WBR>org/en/library/<WBR>info/AMR51/<WBR>117/2001)<WBR>.
Khristian Oliver is African American (he has light skin color and is listed by
the prison authorities as white). In an affidavit signed in 2002, his mother
stated that among the "psychological burdens" borne by her son was that "some
people who had been friendly when they believed him to be a Caucasian had
spurned him when they found out he was from an African-American family".
Oliver's lawyer had sought to have the trial judge question prospective jurors
during jury selection to elicit any possible racial bias they might harbour,
especially given the fact that the murder victim was white. The lawyer was
concerned that he should not ask the questions himself as it might be
perceived by jurors as an illegitimate injection of race into proceedings,
whereas they would view the trial judge as neutral. The judge refused the
request.<BR><BR>Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases,
unconditionally, regardless of the crime, the offender, or the method chosen
to kill the condemned prisoner. The death penalty is inherently cruel and
degrading, incompatible with human dignity. To end the death penalty is to
abandon a destructive, diversionary and divisive public policy that is not
consistent with widely held values. It not only runs the risk of irrevocable
error, it is also costly, to the public purse as well as in social and
psychological terms. It has not been proved to have a special deterrent
effect. It tends to be applied in a discriminatory way, on grounds of race and
class. It denies the possibility of reconciliation and rehabilitation. It
prolongs the suffering of the murder victim's family, and extends that
suffering to the loved ones of the condemned prisoner. It diverts resources
that could be better used to work against violent crime and assist those
affected by it. Today, 139 countries are abolitionist in law or practice. The
USA, in contrast, has carried out 1,175 executions since resuming judicial
killing in 1977. Texas accounts for 441 of these executions. There have been
39 executions in the USA this year, 18 of them in
Texas.<BR><BR><STRONG>RECOMMENDED ACTION: Please send appeals to arrive as
quickly as possible:<BR></STRONG>- expressing concern that jurors at Khristian
Oliver's trial consulted the Bible during their sentencing deliberations;<BR>-
urging the Board to recommend that the Governor commute Khristian Oliver's
death sentence;<BR>- calling on Governor Perry to accept such a
recommendation, or if such a recommendation is not forthcoming, to issue a
stay of execution and a request to the Board to reconsider;<BR>- explaining
that you are not seeking to excuse violent crime or to downplay the suffering
caused to its victims.<BR><BR><STRONG>APPEALS TO:<BR></STRONG><BR>Rissie L.
Owens<BR>Presiding Officer, Board of Pardons and Paroles,<BR>Executive
Clemency Section <BR>8610 Shoal Creek Boulevard<BR>Austin, TX 78757<BR>Fax: 1
512 467 0945 <BR>Salutation: Dear Ms Owens<BR><BR>Governor Rick
Perry<BR>Office of the Governor<BR>P.O. Box 12428<BR>Austin, TX
78711-2428<BR>Fax: 1 512 463 1849 <BR>Salutation: Dear Governor
<BR><BR><STRONG>PLEASE SEND APPEALS IMMEDIATELY.<BR>Check with the AIUSA
Urgent Action office if sending appeals after 5 November
2009.<BR></STRONG><BR>------------<WBR>---------<WBR>---------<WBR>----<BR>Tip
of the Month:<BR>Write as soon as you can. Try to write as close as possible
<BR>to the date a case is issued.<BR><BR>** POSTAGE RATES **<BR>Within the
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International is a worldwide grassroots movement <BR>that promotes and defends
human rights.<BR><BR>This Urgent Action may be reposted if kept intact,
including <BR>contact information and stop action date (if applicable).
<BR>Thank you for your help with this appeal.<BR><BR>Urgent Action
Network<BR>Amnesty International USA<BR>600 Pennsylvania Ave SE 5th
fl<BR>Washington DC 20003<BR>Email:
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