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<DIV dir=ltr align=left><SPAN class=602092023-22032011><FONT face=Arial
color=#0000ff size=2>I don't support any war, anywhere, any time. Even with the
support of Congress, creating a no-fly-zone is an act of unprovoked war and a
war crime. I don't support war criminals. Lee</FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader lang=en-us dir=ltr align=left>
<HR tabIndex=-1>
<FONT face=Tahoma size=2><B>From:</B> Ron and Kris Graham
[mailto:graham2639@mindspring.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, March 22, 2011 6:14
PM<BR><B>To:</B> 'Lee Loe'; 'PAA'<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: [PAA-Discuss] Cohn
includes peaceful measures as alternative<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'">This
bombing of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> with the authorization of Obama
and NOT Congress and without provocation constitutes a war crime. What more do
you need, Lee? Do you still support a war
criminal?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'">Kris<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face="Comic Sans MS" color=black size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Comic Sans MS'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></B></P>
<DIV>
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face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">
<HR tabIndex=-1 align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><FONT face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">From:</SPAN></FONT></B><FONT
face=Tahoma size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma">
<st1:PersonName w:st="on">Lee Loe</st1:PersonName> [mailto:leeloe@igc.org]
<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Sent:</SPAN></B> Tuesday, March 22, 2011
1:19 PM<BR><B><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">To:</SPAN></B> '<st1:place
w:st="on">Shari</st1:place> Loe'<BR><B><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Subject:</SPAN></B> [PAA-Discuss] Cohn includes
peaceful measures as alternative</SPAN></FONT><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><EM><I><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Marjorie Cohn is great. (Will be my
sec'y of defense, state, peace? when I am president (o: ) Very comprehensive
discussion. Lee/Mom/Grandma</SPAN></FONT></I></EM><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><EM><I><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Published on Tuesday, March 22, 2011
by </SPAN></FONT></I></EM><SPAN class=submitted><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="http://www.commondreams.org/"><EM><I><FONT
face=Arial color=#005588><SPAN
style="COLOR: #005588; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">CommonDreams.org</SPAN></FONT></I></EM></A><!-- I converted this one --></SPAN></FONT></SPAN><EM><I><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">
</SPAN></FONT></I></EM><FONT size=2><!-- (2) if field_source_url url is empty AND the field_source_url title is empty AND field_op_source is NOT empty AND source_profile_url is NOT empty --><!-- (3) if field_source_url url is empty AND the field_source_url title is NOT empty AND field_op_source is NOT empty AND field_op_source is NOT empty AND source_profile_url is empty --><!-- (4) if field_source_url url is empty AND the field_source_url title is NOT empty AND field_op_source is NOT empty AND source_profile_url is NOT empty --><!-- (5) if field_source_url url is NOT empty AND the field_source_url title is empty AND field_op_source is NOT empty --><!-- (6) if field_source_url url is NOT empty AND the field_source_url title is NOT empty AND field_op_source is NOT empty --><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<H2><B><FONT face=Arial size=5><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Stop Bombing <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region></SPAN></FONT><o:p></o:p></B></H2></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"><!-- $authors is created within profiles/openpublishdroplits/modules/cd/theme_helpers/node-views_article.tpl.php -->by
</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A
href="http://www.commondreams.org/marjorie-cohn"><FONT face=Arial
color=#005588><SPAN style="COLOR: #005588; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Marjorie
Cohn</SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Since Saturday night, the
<st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">France</st1:country-region>, and
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Britain</st1:country-region> have been bombing
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> with cruise missiles, B-2
stealth bombers, F-16 and F-15 fighter jets, and Harrier attack jets. There is
no reliable estimate of the number of civilians killed. The <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> has taken
the lead in the punishing bombing campaign to carry out United Nations Security
Council Resolution 1973.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
resolution authorizes UN Member States “to take all necessary measures . . . to
protect civilians and civilian populated areas under threat of attack in the
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, including <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Benghazi</st1:place></st1:City>, while excluding a foreign occupation
force of any form on any part of Libyan territory.” The military action taken
exceeds the bounds of the “all necessary measures”
authorization.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">“All necessary measures” should
first have been peaceful measures to settle the conflict. But peaceful means
were not exhausted before Obama began bombing <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region>. A high
level international team – consisting of representatives from the Arab League,
the Organization of African Unity, and the UN Secretary General – should have
been dispatched to <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Tripoli</st1:place></st1:City> to attempt to negotiate a real
cease-fire, and set up a mechanism for elections and for protecting
civilians.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">There is no doubt that Muammar
Qaddafi has been brutally repressing Libyans in order to maintain his power. But
the purpose of the United Nations is to maintain international peace and
security. The burgeoning conflict in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> is a civil war, which arguably
does not constitute a threat to international peace and
security.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
UN Charter commands that all Members settle their international disputes by
peaceful means, to maintain international peace, security, and justice. Members
must also refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial
integrity or political independence of any state or in any manner inconsistent
with the Purposes of the United Nations.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Only when a State acts in
self-defense, in response to an armed attack by one country against another, can
it militarily attack another State under the UN Charter. The need for
self-defense must be overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for
deliberation. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> has not attacked another
country. The <st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">France</st1:country-region> and
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Britain</st1:place></st1:country-region> are not acting in
self-defense. Humanitarian concerns do not constitute
self-defense.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
UN Charter does not permit the use of military force for humanitarian
interventions. But the UN General Assembly embraced a norm of “Responsibility to
Protect” in the Outcome Document of the 2005 World Summit. Paragraph 138 of that
document says each individual State has the responsibility to protect its
populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against
humanity. Paragraph 139 adds that the international community, through the
United Nations, also has “the responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic,
humanitarian and other peaceful means, in accordance with Chapters VI and VIII
of the Charter, to help protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic
cleansing and crimes against humanity.”</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Chapter VI of the Charter requires
parties to a dispute likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace
and security to “first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry,
mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional
agencies or arrangements, or other peaceful means of their own choice.” Chapter
VIII governs “regional arrangements,” such as NATO, the Arab League, and the
Organization of African Unity. The chapter specifies that regional arrangements
“shall make every effort to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes through
such regional arrangements . . .”</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">It
is only when peaceful means have been tried and proved inadequate that the
Security Council can authorize action under Chapter VII of the Charter. That
action includes boycotts, embargoes, severance of diplomatic relations, and even
blockades or operations by air, sea or land.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
“responsibility to protect” norm grew out of frustration with the failure to
take action to prevent the genocide in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Rwanda</st1:place></st1:country-region>, where a few hundred troops
could have saved myriad lives. But the norm was not implemented to stop
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region> from bombing <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Gaza</st1:place></st1:City> in late 2008 and
early 2009, which resulted in a loss of 1,400 Palestinians, mostly civilians.
Nor is it being used to stop the killing of civilians by the <st1:country-region
w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region> in <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Afghanistan</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Pakistan</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</SPAN></FONT><FONT
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">There is also hypocrisy inherent in
the <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region> bombing of
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> to enforce international law.
The Obama administration has thumbed its nose at its international obligations
by refusing to investigate officials of the Bush administration for war crimes
for its torture regime. Both the Convention Against Torture and the Geneva
Conventions compel Member States to bring people to justice who violate their
commands.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
<st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region> is ostensibly
bombing <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> for humanitarian reasons. But
Obama refuses to condemn the repression and government killings of protestors in
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Bahrain</st1:place></st1:country-region> using U.S.-made tanks and
weaponry because that is where the U.S. Fifth Fleet is stationed. And
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Yemen</st1:country-region>, a close
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> ally, kills and wounds
protestors while Obama watches silently.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Regime change is not authorized by
the resolution. Yet <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region>
bombers targeted the Qaddafi compound and Obama said at a news conference in
<st1:City w:st="on">Santiago</st1:City> that it is “<st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region> policy that
Qaddafi needs to go.” The resolution specifically forbids a “foreign occupation
force.” But it is unlikely that the <st1:country-region w:st="on">United
States</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">France</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Britain</st1:country-region> will bomb <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> and leave.
Don’t be surprised to hear there are Western forces on the ground in
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> to “train” or “assist” the
rebels there.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Defense Secretary Robert Gates
pegged it when he said that a “no-fly zone” over <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> would be
an “act of war.” Although the Arab League reportedly favored a no-fly zone, Amr
Moussa, Secretary General of the Arab League, said that “what is happening in
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> differs from the aim of
imposing a no-fly zone.” He added, “What we want is the protection of civilians
and not the shelling of more civilians.” He plans to call a new meeting of the
league to reconsider its support for a no-fly zone.</SPAN></FONT><FONT
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">The
military action in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region> sets a dangerous precedent of
attacking countries where the leadership does not favor the pro-U.S. or
pro-European Union countries. What will prevent the <st1:country-region
w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region> from stage-managing some protests,
magnifying them in the corporate media as mass actions, and then bombing or
attacking <st1:country-region w:st="on">Venezuela</st1:country-region>,
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Cuba</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Iran</st1:country-region>, or <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">North Korea</st1:place></st1:country-region>? During the Bush
administration, <st1:State w:st="on">Washington</st1:State> leveled baseless
allegations to justify an illegal invasion of <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Iraq</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Moreover, Obama took military action
without consulting Congress, the only body with the Constitutional power to
declare war. It is not clear what our mission is there or when it will end.
Congress – and indeed, the American people – should debate what we are doing in
<st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Libya</st1:place></st1:country-region>. We must not support a third
expensive and illegal war. There is a crying need for that money right here at
home. And we should refuse to be complicit in the killing of more civilians in a
conflict in which we don’t belong.</SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P><!-- <h3></h3> -->
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<DIV style="FLOAT: left">
<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A
href="http://www.commondreams.org/marjorie-cohn"><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; TEXT-DECORATION: none"><IMG
class="imagecache imagecache-author_photo" id=_x0000_i1025 title="Marjorie Cohn"
height=110 alt="Marjorie Cohn" src="cid:602092023@22032011-006B" width=90
border=0></SPAN></FONT></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Marjorie Cohn, a professor at Thomas
Jefferson School of Law and past President of the National Lawyers Guild, is the
deputy secretary general for external communications of the International
Association of Democratic Lawyers, and the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region>
representative to the executive committee of the American Association of
Jurists.. She is the author of <I><SPAN style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><A
href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0977825337?tag=commondreams-20&camp=0&creative=0&linkCode=as1&creativeASIN=0977825337&adid=181KV0M5EQZRKYZJCEXK&"
target=_blank><FONT color=#005588><SPAN style="COLOR: #005588">Cowboy Republic:
Six Ways the Bush Gang Has Defied the Law</SPAN></FONT></A> </SPAN></I>and
co-author of </SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A
href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0981576923?tag=commondreams-20&camp=0&creative=0&linkCode=as1&creativeASIN=0981576923&adid=0PD6RVM68MJWK4SSM0CX&"
target=_blank><I><FONT face=Arial color=#005588><SPAN
style="COLOR: #005588; FONT-STYLE: italic; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Rules of
Disengagement: The Politics and Honor of Military
Dissent</SPAN></FONT></I></A></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> (with Kathleen Gilberd). Her
anthology, <I><SPAN style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><A
href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0814717322?ie=UTF8&tag=commondreams-20&linkCode=xm2&camp=1789&creativeASIN=0814717322"><FONT
color=#005588><SPAN style="COLOR: #005588">The United States and Torture:
Interrogation, Incarceration and Abuse</SPAN></FONT></A>,</SPAN></I> is now
available. Her articles are archived at </SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A href="http://www.marjoriecohn.com/"
target=_blank><FONT face=Arial color=#005588><SPAN
style="COLOR: #005588; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">www.marjoriecohn.com</SPAN></FONT></A><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT
size=2><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV><!-- description div -->
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<P class=MsoNormal><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><A
href="http://www.commondreams.org/marjorie-cohn"><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial">more Marjorie
Cohn</SPAN></FONT></A></SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial"> </SPAN></FONT><FONT size=2><SPAN
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