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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> NoIraqWar@yahoogroups.com [mailto:NoIraqWar@yahoogroups.com] <br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, September 12, 2017 10:04 AM<br><b>To:</b> dptjc@yahoogroups.com<br><b>Subject:</b> [NoIraqWar] End the Sanctions | Branko Marcetic | Jacobin<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div id=ygrp-mlmsg><div id=ygrp-msg><div id=ygrp-text><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><br><a href="https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/09/united-states-sanctions-venezuela-maduro">https://www.jacobinmag.com/2017/09/united-states-sanctions-venezuela-maduro</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div id=article><div><h1>End the Sanctions <o:p></o:p></h1><h2 style='margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:normal'>Trump’s draconian sanctions against Venezuela will hit the country's workers and poor the hardest.</span><span style='font-weight:normal'><o:p></o:p></span></h2><h1><span style='font-weight:normal'>By Branko Marcetic</span><o:p></o:p></h1><div><p class=MsoNormal><b>Error! Filename not specified.</b><o:p></o:p></p></div><p>In what at this point can only be assumed to be part of a quest to inflame chaos and disorder the world over, the Trump administration has in recent months imposed a series of sanctions against Venezuela, a country in the midst of a months-long political crisis.<o:p></o:p></p><p>The official rationale for the sanctions are the government’s “serious abuses of human rights,” repression of political opposition, dissolution of its elected parliament, and its role in the country’s humanitarian crisis. But given President Trump’s <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/11/trump-on-venezuela-im-not-going-to-rule-out-a-military-option.html">comments</a> that he may decide on a “military option” to settle things in the country, along with the fact that Venezuela poses no threat to the United States, it’s safe to assume such sanctions are meant to help along the removal of Venezuela’s government.<o:p></o:p></p><p>Back in July, the Trump administration made it illegal for US individuals and companies to do business with the financial chief of PDVSA, Venezuela’s state-run oil and natural gas company. Then in August, it placed restrictions on the trading of Venezuelan bonds that the government sells in US financial markets to raise cash, and prohibited Citgo, PDVSA’s US subsidiary, from sending profits back home. In addition, financial sanctions have targeted twenty individuals close to the government, including Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro.<o:p></o:p></p><p>Some have already praised the administration’s sanctions as admirably restrained.<o:p></o:p></p><p>“If we’re honest about it this isn’t going to have much effect beyond the simply political,” <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2017/08/26/us-imposes-more-sanctions-on-venezuela-politics-yes-little-economic-effect-expected/#4756ec0e7074">wrote</a> <cite>Forbes</cite>’ Tim Worstall. “The economic effect just isn’t going to be that much.”<o:p></o:p></p><p>Writing in the <cite>Miami Herald</cite>, the Center for New American Security’s Neil Bhatiya <a href="http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article171648662.html">stated</a> that “the administration appears to be signaling that it is cognizant of the pitfalls of harsh sanctions,” and that it had “tried to strike a balance between ratcheting up pressure on Maduro and minimizing the wider consequences for the Venezuelan people.” Creating “macroeconomic chaos” in the country would simply play into the Maduro government’s hands, he argues, making Venezuela’s current crisis appear to be solely a product of American meddling.<o:p></o:p></p><p>The <cite>New York Times</cite>, meanwhile, has <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/25/world/americas/venezuela-sanctions-maduro-trump.html">called</a> the sanctions “limited” and stressed their “broad loopholes.”<o:p></o:p></p><p>It’s true that the administration hasn’t gone as far as it could have. It’s declined to ban US imports of Venezuelan crude oil, for instance, which would have been catastrophic — the Extractive Industries Source Book <a href="http://www.eisourcebook.org/cms/Nov%202015/Venezuela,%20Oil%20Economy%20and%20Socia%20Welfare.pdf">argues</a> that the “Venezuelan economy is fully dependent on its oil exports.” (Let’s also not be too quick to praise the administration’s supposed mercy — American refiners lobbied against the move, which would have hurt US oil companies and consumers.)<o:p></o:p></p><p>But it’s difficult to believe that the sanctions won’t have a major impact on the Venezuelan economy and, more to the point, the ordinary Venezuelans who depend on it. Though exact figures aren’t known, oil is thought to account for anywhere <a href="https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=1pnZHGawJy0C&lpg=PA18&ots=IoIALey4Lb&dq=venezuela%20pdvsa%20largest%20employer&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false">between 80</a> and <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/11/venezuelas-oil-industry-is-sitting-on-a-volcano-as-crisis-escalates.html">95 percent</a> of the country’s export revenue, and around one third of its GDP. To get a sense of how tied up the Venezuelan economy is with the fortunes of its oil sector, consider that when the price of oil nearly halved in 2014, Venezuela’s GDP contracted by <a href="http://www.dw.com/en/5-things-to-understand-about-oil-rich-cash-poor-venezuela/a-38478166">10 percent</a>. And prices are even lower now.<o:p></o:p></p><p>Moreover, PDVSA essentially <em>is</em> the Venezuelan economy. It’s the country’s <a href="http://www.iberglobal.com/files/2016-2/venezuela.pdf">largest employer</a> and, according to <a href="https://www.oecd.org/dev/inclusivesocietiesanddevelopment/Session-6-Report-on-Earmarking-Practices.pdf">the OECD</a>, exists as “an extra-budgetary fund to manage most of the government’s new social programs,” <a href="https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/10161/290/MP_bfc5_a_052007.pdf?sequence=1">mandated</a> to put 10 percent of its annual investment budget toward such programs. These <a href="https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/venezuelas-oil-based-economy">include</a> vital services like free medical clinics, university and education, and discounted food centers in impoverished areas.<o:p></o:p></p><p>Therefore, even “restrained” sanctions on PDVSA — restricting its access to credit at a time when the country has to pay $3.8 billion in debt in the next three months — are likely to hit ordinary Venezuelans hard, particularly as the country suffers from an acute <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2017/02/21/americas/venezuelan-food-crisis-weight-loss/index.html">food crisis</a>, which has been going on for <a href="https://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=13&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi2pMbrgZTWAhWEmZQKHVSTDrQQFghmMAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Faug%2F07%2Flooters-target-venezuelan-food-stores-as-shortages-spark-frustration&usg=AFQjCNFzJTzKR5qFjpLHmWC7WZbZncwj1w">more than two years</a> now. Forbidding Citgo from sending profits to the government will only further starve it of funds, exacerbating this.<o:p></o:p></p><p>There are indications we’re already seeing the negative repercussions of this. At the start of August, the vice president of Venezuela’s National Constituent Assembly <a href="http://albaciudad.org/2017/08/isturiz-dio-ejemplos-de-como-el-bloqueo-estadounidense-a-venezuela-afecta-la-importacion-de-alimentos/">claimed</a> that the government’s efforts to bring in ten ships loaded with raw sugar were foiled by the fact that they could not pay for it. Additionally, <a href="https://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/US-Sanctions-Against-Venezuela-Blocked-18-Million-Boxes-of-Food-20170903-0023.html">he said</a> the sanctions blocked payment of 18 million boxes of food, rectified only when Venezuela’s allies intervened in the payment process.<o:p></o:p></p><p>This is why economist Mark Weisbrot has been sounding the alarm about sanctions, <a href="https://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/US-Venezuela-Sanctions-Will-Make-Food-Shortages-Worse-Warns-Economist-20170825-0034.html">calling them</a> “very severe sanctions” that he didn’t “remember ever being used, except in cases like Iran or Russia” or North Korea, where they were justified on the basis of these countries’ nuclear programs, something Venezuela lacks.<o:p></o:p></p><p>“By starving the economy of foreign exchange, this action will harm the private sector, most Venezuelans, the poor and the vulnerable,” he <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/foreign-policy/348276-trumps-tough-venezuela-sanctions-do-more-harm-than-good">wrote last month in the <cite>Hill</cite></a>, adding that by cutting off most sources of financing for the country, it would cause imports to fall even further, leading to more shortages.<o:p></o:p></p><p>The endgame here is not particularly difficult to figure out. Besides some heavy-handed actions of the Maduro government, Venezuela’s food shortage has been one of the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/venezuela-economic-food-crisis-meals-2016-4/?r=AU&IR=T/#-5">chief contributors</a> to antigovernment sentiment in the country, along with the <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-36319877">cutting back of social services</a> in the face of dwindling oil revenue. If the Trump administration puts a further squeeze on the government’s finances, such unrest is only going to be inflamed, perhaps leading to Maduro’s ouster.<o:p></o:p></p><p>So don’t believe the claim that the sanctions against Venezuela are motivated by humanitarian concern. Stoking further human misery is, by design, their sole purpose.<o:p></o:p></p><p><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>[<span style='color:black'><a href="https://twitter.com/BMarchetich">Branko Marcetic</a> is an editorial assistant at <em>Jacobin</em>. He lives in Auckland, New Zealand.]</span><br><br>Sent from my iPhone<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>__._,_.___<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style='margin-top:5.0pt' id=fromDMARC><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><p class=MsoNormal>Posted by: Kevin Lindemann and Cathy Campo <kklcac@earthlink.net> <o:p></o:p></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0><tr><td style='padding:3.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><b><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2D50FD'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NoIraqWar/conversations/messages/23467;_ylc=X3oDMTJxM3N2Y2E1BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzgwOTYxNjIEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzU5MzM1BG1zZ0lkAzIzNDY3BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTUwNTI0NzY5MA--?act=reply&messageNum=23467"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply via web post</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:3.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2D50FD'><a href="mailto:kklcac@earthlink.net?subject=Re%3A%20End%20the%20Sanctions%20%7C%20Branko%20Marcetic%20%7C%20Jacobin"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply to sender </span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:3.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2D50FD'><a href="mailto:NoIraqWar@yahoogroups.com?subject=Re%3A%20End%20the%20Sanctions%20%7C%20Branko%20Marcetic%20%7C%20Jacobin"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Reply to group </span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:3.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2D50FD'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NoIraqWar/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=X3oDMTJldHEyaHBqBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzgwOTYxNjIEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzU5MzM1BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA250cGMEc3RpbWUDMTUwNTI0NzY5MA--"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Start a New Topic</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='color:#2D50FD'>•<o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:3.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt 2.5pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt;margin-left:0in'><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#2D50FD'><a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NoIraqWar/conversations/topics/23467;_ylc=X3oDMTM2c3NndmtkBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzgwOTYxNjIEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1NzU5MzM1BG1zZ0lkAzIzNDY3BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTUwNTI0NzY5MAR0cGNJZAMyMzQ2Nw--"><span style='color:#2D50FD;text-decoration:none'>Messages in this topic</span></a> (1) <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><div id=megaphoneModule><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><hr size=2 width="100%" noshade style='color:#E3E3E3' align=center></div><div><div style='margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><img border=0 width=82 height=82 id="_x0000_i1028" src="https://s.yimg.com/ru/static/images/yg/img/megaphone/1464031581_phpFA8bON" name="tn_file"><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><a name="sub_url"></a><a href="https://yho.com/1wwmgg" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:7.5pt;text-decoration:none'>Have you tried the highest rated email app?</span></a> <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'>With 4.5 stars in iTunes, the Yahoo Mail app is the highest rated email app on the market. 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